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• February 1, 2024
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Haj, Handicap inside the Antiquity, q

Log of your Western Chinese language Society 58: 235-forty. Heading representations away from Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Le, is discussed, with believe of community detailed from the al-Nadim (creating c. 987 Le) that Mani is lame in legs or perhaps in their correct base. You to definitely society would-be backed by retranslation out-of an expression when you look at the this new Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.2 hundred, 1-13) (select Dinkard, above), applying the identity ‘broken’ otherwise ‘crippled’ to Mani (discover lower than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).

Here, predicated on Michael Dols, the guy discussed “physical infirmities for example skin problems, lameness, paralysis, and you may deafness and personal characteristics such hair loss, leanness, and ugliness

Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The fresh Lepers, the newest Lame, the brand new Blind, plus the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) try a respected, important and significantly unattractive publisher which have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), during the Basra (today for the Iraq), whose performs might have been much quoted over the Arab business. ” Their point would be to demonstrate that “physical infirmities and you can peculiarities don’t impede an individual from getting a totally energetic member of the new Muslim society otherwise pub him off crucial practices. Al-Jahiz was able one actual conditions are not personal stigmas but they are just what are named signs and symptoms Skotlanti naiset pГ¤ivГ¤sivГ¤t valkoisia miehiГ¤ of divine blessing or like.” (M Dols, 1983, This new leper during the Gothic Islamic area. Speculum 58: 891-916, with the p. 901) Even after their own exposure to negative social responses, al-Jahiz in just one of their best-known work, ‘The Magic off Creation’, blogged harshly about social regions of deafness. Aside from the deaf person’s loss of musical, “Men and women are bored stiff inside the company in which he is actually an encumbrance in it. They are not able to pay attention to any of the people’s stories and you may talks. Though introduce it’s as though the guy was basically missing, and even though alive it is because if the guy was lifeless.” (quoted by the F. v., p. 159). Select 2nd items. An alternate commentator cards one “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is the most difficult works by Jahiz, and its thing is virtually book in the historic Arabic books. (Here doesn’t be seemingly an English translation offered at present).

JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifetime within the Old India given that Depicted in the Jain Canons. Bombay: The new Guide Team. Problems and you may treatment, as well as some handicaps, regarding Jaina sources (pp. 178-81). People who have handicaps, as well as intellectual retardation, try omitted out-of joining spiritual requests (194). Find Tattvartha Sutra, below; also 2nd a few activities).

[JAINA Messages] Gaina Sutras interpreted out of Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, dos vols, (1884 and you may 1895), SBE 22 & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The fresh SBE series made use of an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ in lieu of ‘J’, needless to say explanations. Right here ‘Gaina’ might have been reinserted throughout the regular alphabetical order to have convenience.] – The fresh Akaranga Sutra (when you look at the vol. I), regarding possibly the 5th century Le, gave tuition getting a beneficial holy and you can harmless lifestyle. Impairment and you may disability appear, e.grams. “on devastation of perceptions of ear, eye, areas from smell, tasting, coming in contact with, a person becomes alert to the brand new refuse from life” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk I (2) 1]. Fruits regarding completely wrong serves into the earlier lifetime is: “Boils and you can leprosy, consumption, falling sickness, blindness and you can firmness, lameness and you will humpbackedness, Dropsy and you will dumbness, browse! apoplexy (?) and attention-condition, shaking and you may crippledness, elephantiasis and diabetic issues, They are the 16 disease enumerated inside the due acquisition; besides them of many conditions and injuries can be found.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) 1.] But really right-oriented some body is make sure to have fun with harmless terminology when conference anyone with such as for example requirements. They “should not speak of them in this way: ‘He ‘s got comes otherwise leprosy, an such like [incorporating the conditions revealed more than]; his hands try reduce, or his legs, nose, ear, lip are reduce.’ For given that all these people, verbal to help you in such language, feel upset, and this, offered better, they should perhaps not keep in touch with them in such code.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The fresh Uttaradhyayana Sutra (from inside the Vol. II) along with cards disability which have ageing, “If your human body develops old, and your locks transforms white, the effectiveness of your own ears decreases”, furthermore to your vision, nostrils, language, contact (II: p. 44) [part X]. – Brand new Sutrakritanga Sutra (when you look at the Vol. II) mentions for the passageway the “blind-produced man” (p. 243), and you may “guys whom walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately after matrimony are cautioned of your dreadful disablement of one to state: being bought in the from beginning right until midnight because of the partner, and remainder of the night comforting babies and you will laundry the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks just who get involved in sensual pleasures was assured however worse disquiet after they die; and then they “is produced deaf and dumb, or blind [footnote: both blind of the delivery, otherwise undoubtedly foolish or unaware], otherwise dumb from the birth.” (p. 363; equivalent on pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you will 2 (7)].